NANO CRYSTALLINE TITANIUM DIOXIDE IS A MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOPARTICLE AND HAS UNIQUE PROPERTIES BECAUSE OF ITS UBIQUITY, STABILITY AND NON TOXICITY. TIO2 IS MAIN INGREDIENT OF SOME PIGMENTS, OPTICAL FILTERS, ANTIREFLECTION COATINGS, SENSORS AND CATALYSTS [1]. THIS WIDE RANGE OF USES OF TIO2 IS BECAUSE OF ITS UNIQUE ELECTRONIC AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES. TIO2 CAN BE GREATLY IMPROVED BY DOPING WITH METAL IONS, SUCH AS NICKEL, CHROMIUM, IRON, VANADIUM, AND ZINC ETC. [2]. DOPING MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO CHANGE THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF TIO2 NANOPARTICLES, ALTERING THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES. IRON HAS BEEN CONSIDERED AN APPROPRIATE CANDIDATE, OWING TO THE RADIUS OF FE3+ (0.64Aº) BEING SIMILAR TO THAT OF TI4+ (0.68Aº). THEREFORE, IT CAN BE INFERRED THAT FE IONS MIGHT EASILY BE INCORPORATED WITH THE CRYSTAL LATTICE OF TIO2. THE BAND GAP OF IRON IS 2.6 EV, SO, IT WILL REDUCE THE WIDTH OF THE ENERGY GAP OF TIO2 AND INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF ABSORBING VISIBLE LIGHT [3]. IN THIS REPORT TITANIUM DIOXIDE WAS DOPED WITH FE3+ AND WAS SYNTHESIZED THROUGH A SOLVOTHERMAL METHOD BY ASSISTING LYSINE AS A DIRECTING AGENT .THE PRODUCT WAS CHARACTERIZED WITH XRD, SEM AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE APPARATUS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT PARTICLE SIZE IS BELOW 100 NM. MOREOVER; PL SPECTRUM SHOWED A PEAK IN THE VISIBLE REGION ABOUT 600 NM (FIG1).

WITH THE RAPID GROWTH OF THE NANOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES AND THE INCREASING USE OF NANOMATERIALS IN OUR LIFE, THE INVESTIGATION OF FAVORABLE AND UNFAVORABLE EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS IS VERY CRUCIAL FOR THE FUTURE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY. ...

AMINO ACIDS AS ONE TYPE OF THE MAJOR BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIVING SYSTEMS ARE THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF ALL NATURALLY OCCURRING PROTEINS. THE INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE POLYMER BACKBONE NOT ONLY INCREASES THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF PEPTIDEBASED SYSTEM, BUT ALSO HAVE BEEN FOUND TO SHOW NANOSCALE ORDERING INTO STABLE HIERARCHICAL SUPERSTRUCTURES ADMINISTERED BY THE FORMATION OF SECONDARY STRUCTURES IN THE PEPTIDE SEGMENTS [1, 2]. ...

SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSTS HAVE ATTRACTED MUCH ATTENTION IN THE PAST DECADES OWING TO THEIR APPLICATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL PURIFICATION AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION. AS AN IMPORTANT PHOTOCATALYST, ZINC TUNGSTATE (ZNWO4) HAS BEEN USED FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM WATER AND MINERALIZATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS UNDER ULTRAVIOLET OR VISIBLE LIGHT IRRADIATION. ...

EPINEPHRINE (EP) OR ADRENALINE IS AN IMPORTANT HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE ADRENAL GLANDS DURING EXCITING SITUATIONS OR HIGH STRESS IN HUMAN BODY. ON THE OTHER HAND, ADRENALINE IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY'S ACUTE STRESS RESPONSE SYSTEM, ALSO CALLED THE "FIGHT OR FLIGHT" RESPONSE. THE MECHANISM OF RESPONSE FOR ADRENALINE DESCRIBE BY STIMULATING THE HEART RATE, CONTRACTING BLOOD VESSELS, AND DILATING AIR PASSAGES, ALL OF WHICH WORK TO INCREASE BLOOD FLOW TO THE MUSCLES AND OXYGEN TO THE LUNGS. IN ADDITION, ADRENALINE IS USED AS A MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR SOME POTENTIALLY LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK [1, 2]. THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE DEVELOPMENT OF 1, 3-DIPROPYLIMIDAZOLIUM BROMIDE IONIC LIQUID-CUFE2O4 NANOPARTICLE MODIFIED CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE FOR THE VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF EP IN REAL SAMPLES. WE DESCRIBE THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CUFE2O4WITH DIFFERENT METHODS SUCH AS TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM); ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY (EDS) AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD). THE ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF EP OCCURRED IN A PH-DEPENDENT 2E-AND 2H+ PROCESS, AND THE ELECTRODE REACTION FOLLOWED A DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED PATHWAY. THE OXIDATION PEAK POTENTIAL OF EP ON THE MODIFED APPEARED AT 340 MV, WHICH WAS ABOUT 115 MV DECREASE OF THE OVERPOTENTIAL COMPARED TO THAT OBTAINED ON THE TRADITIONAL CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE (CPE). THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PARAMETER SUCH AS CHARGE TRANSFER COEFFICIENT WAS CALCULATED.